Mandarin Future Expression Using Yao and Hui

Mandarin Future Expression Using Yao and Hui The two auxiliary verbs, yo and huà ¬, can be used for talking about the future in the sense of going to do something or intending to do something. Consider these two sentences: WÇ’ yo qà ¹ BÄ›ijÄ «ng.我è ¦ Ã¥Å½ »Ã¥Å'â€"ä º ¬WÇ’ huà ¬ qà ¹ BÄ›ijÄ «ng.我æÅ"Æ'åŽ »Ã¥Å'â€"ä º ¬Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¤ ¼Å¡Ã¥Å½ »Ã¥Å'â€"ä º ¬ The first sentence, using yo, indicates an intention to go to Beijing. The second sentence, using huà ¬, indicates a confident prediction of going to Beijing. Intention or Prediction The two sentences above can be translated as: WÇ’ yo qà ¹ BÄ›ijÄ «ng.I am going to Beijing.orI want to go to Beijing.WÇ’ huà ¬ qà ¹ BÄ›ijÄ «ng.I will go to Beijing (I expect I will go to Beijing). Yo is sometimes (but not always) used with a time expression to differentiate between want and intend. When used without a time reference, the only way to determine the exact meaning of yo is by context or clarification. Here are some more examples: NÇ  yo mÇŽi shà ©nme dÃ… ngxÄ «?ä ½  Ã¨ ¦ Ã¨ ² ·Ã§â€Å¡Ã© º ¼Ã¦  ±Ã¨ ¥ ¿?ä ½  Ã¨ ¦ Ã¤ ¹ °Ã¤ »â‚¬Ã¤ ¹Ë†Ã¤ ¸Å"è ¥ ¿?What are you going to buy?orWhat do you want to buy?NÇ  huà ¬ mÇŽi shà ©nme dÃ… ngxÄ «?ä ½  Ã¦Å"Æ'è ² ·Ã§â€Å¡Ã© º ¼Ã¦  ±Ã¨ ¥ ¿?ä ½  Ã¤ ¼Å¡Ã¤ ¹ °Ã¤ »â‚¬Ã¤ ¹Ë†Ã¤ ¸Å"è ¥ ¿?What do you expect to buy?Chà ©n xiÇŽojie mà ­ngtiÄ n yo gÄ“n wÇ’ shuÃ… .é™ ³Ã¥ ° Ã¥ § Ã¦ËœÅ½Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¨ ¦ Ã¨ ·Å¸Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¨ ª ªÃ©â„¢Ë†Ã¥ ° Ã¥ § Ã¦ËœÅ½Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¨ ¦ Ã¨ ·Å¸Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¨ ¯ ´Miss Chen is going to speak with me tomorrow.Chà ©n xiÇŽojie mà ­ngtiÄ n huà ¬ gÄ“n wÇ’ shuÃ… .é™ ³Ã¥ ° Ã¥ § Ã¦ËœÅ½Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦Å"Æ'è ·Å¸Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¨ ª ªÃ©â„¢Ë†Ã¥ ° Ã¥ § Ã¦ËœÅ½Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¤ ¼Å¡Ã¨ ·Å¸Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¨ ¯ ´Miss Chen expects to speak with me tomorrow.

Free Essays on Latin American Independence

Throughout history, there were many countries exploited by means of invasion. For example, Napoleons’ invasions, the Nazi rule over the Jewish race, and so on. Colonies that are no exception to this are the Latin America colonies. During the Age of colonization (1492- 1600), Europeans imposed many things on the Latin American territory that have had a long and devastating effect on the indigenous people. Europeans invaded and controlled much of South America and the Caribbean islands for means of trading, acquiring goods, and expanding their Christian religion through forced conversions. Resulting in an imposed foreign culture upon the already established civilizations that existed before their arrival. The indigenous people of South America, which included the Aztec, Olmec, Maya, and the Inca of South America, had developed complex civilizations which made use of calendars, writing, mathematics, astronomy, the arts, and advanced architecture. They had their own religious beli efs complete with their own Gods and rituals. Unfortunately for them, the Europeans cared little about the culture they would be obliterating, and cared more about their own ulterior motives. After many years of exploitation of these people, they finally decide to rebel. From the years 1807-1824, political and military movements ended colonial rule by Spain and Portugal over Mexico, Central America, and South America and gave birth to the modern independent nations of Latin America. There were many contributing factors that ultimately led to the uprising of Latin American colonies, but the ultimate reason why Latin America decided to attain independence was because they were tried of being oppressed by Europe and the Spanish Crown. In the following paragraphs, I will explain the causes of the movements of independence and prove that this was the uprising of an oppressed nation. One of the many causes of Latin American independence was of the resentment of low... Free Essays on Latin American Independence Free Essays on Latin American Independence Throughout history, there were many countries exploited by means of invasion. For example, Napoleons’ invasions, the Nazi rule over the Jewish race, and so on. Colonies that are no exception to this are the Latin America colonies. During the Age of colonization (1492- 1600), Europeans imposed many things on the Latin American territory that have had a long and devastating effect on the indigenous people. Europeans invaded and controlled much of South America and the Caribbean islands for means of trading, acquiring goods, and expanding their Christian religion through forced conversions. Resulting in an imposed foreign culture upon the already established civilizations that existed before their arrival. The indigenous people of South America, which included the Aztec, Olmec, Maya, and the Inca of South America, had developed complex civilizations which made use of calendars, writing, mathematics, astronomy, the arts, and advanced architecture. They had their own religious beli efs complete with their own Gods and rituals. Unfortunately for them, the Europeans cared little about the culture they would be obliterating, and cared more about their own ulterior motives. After many years of exploitation of these people, they finally decide to rebel. From the years 1807-1824, political and military movements ended colonial rule by Spain and Portugal over Mexico, Central America, and South America and gave birth to the modern independent nations of Latin America. There were many contributing factors that ultimately led to the uprising of Latin American colonies, but the ultimate reason why Latin America decided to attain independence was because they were tried of being oppressed by Europe and the Spanish Crown. In the following paragraphs, I will explain the causes of the movements of independence and prove that this was the uprising of an oppressed nation. One of the many causes of Latin American independence was of the resentment of low...

Applying Self-Determination Theory to Patients with Diabetes Research Proposal

Applying Self-Determination Theory to Patients with Diabetes - Research Proposal Example Obesity has for two decades gained much prominence in the lives of many people in the United States. Children were in the past considered immune from this disease while adults produced the highest obesity rates. At least 20-25% of children in the US suffer this preventable ailment that has become a leading cause of death in the country (Haslam, 2007). Several studies reveal that the mortality risk is lowest for those with a body mass index (BMI) of 20-25 kg/m2 for nonsmokers and 24-27 kg/m2 for smokers. Those above a BMI of 32 are considered as having a double mortality rate, especially amongst women. It is estimated that at least 111,000 to 365,000 deaths are recorded annually as a result of obesity-related ailments in the US, with at least 1.1 million deaths being reported across Europe annually. Obesity is seen as reducing one’s life expectancy by at least seven years especially for those above the BMI of 35, and those with BMI’s greater than 40 reducing their expect ancy by at least 10 years (Haslam, 2007). The main causes of obesity can be broken down to these eight reasons. One of them is age where one has increased chances of getting obese as they age due to slow metabolic rates. Another is gender, with women having a higher tendency to gain weight more than men. Genetics play a role with such trends running in the family. Environmental factors such as sedentary lifestyles or those that encourage such lifestyle changes put one at a higher risk (Haslam, 2007). Lack of physical activity also plays a great role in encouraging obesity tendencies since the excess sugars are not excreted from the body as required. Psychological factors influence eating habits and thus, obesity may result. Illnesses such as hypothyroidism and depression are also associated with obesity because of reported hormonal problems. The last one is medication, such as steroids and some antidepressants, which may lead to excessive weight gain (Haslam, 2007). Purpose of study The main purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of using the self-determination theory (SDT) in the treatment of obese patients Research questions i) How can the use of SDT be made effective in the treatment of obesity cases in the country? ii) Is there proof of its success in clinical or home settings? iii) Is there any proven correlation between SDT and obesity? Definition of terms: Obesity-a medical condition where the body accumulates excessive fat such that one has a BMI greater than 30 kg/m2 BMI-the body mass index is a heuristic representation for the amount of fat in the body, based on one’s height and weight. It is calculated by dividing one’s weight by one’s height. SDT-this is a theory that seeks to prove that an autonomy perspective context will generally foster the satisfaction of three basic psychological needs, namely the needs for competence, autonomy and relatedness. Motivation-an urge to achieve certain goals, can be intrinsic (o f an individual’s inner self) or extrinsic (external forces acting on an individual). Significance to nursing Learning more about the causes of obesity and looking for ways of motivating individuals to take it upon them to

Decision-making process in nursing base on scenario. Initial Essay

Decision-making process in nursing base on scenario. Initial presentation of patient and diagnostic fase - Essay Example 2005). When making choices, nurses are obliged to take due care and ensure they discharge their duties in accordance with their professional training and expertise. This experience may have been acquired from work practice or from training (Royal College of Nursing, 2006, p.17). To attain a high degree of joint understanding between the patients, relatives and practitioners, the medical practitioners should establish Ð ° training program to ensure that all the stakeholders are made aware of the prevailing circumstances and the possible consequences of the action taken by the health care practitioners. The healthcare providers must exercise their professional ethics to ensure they act in good faith and in the interests of the patients (Royal College of Nursing, 2006, p.22). The nurses should first assess the problem and then seek for solutions to the emerging issues during the assessment process. The alternative chosen should promise the best outcome and should be as effective as pos sible. The medical practitioner decisions are however influenced by their expertise, the available medical facilities, and the level of acceptance of the consequences of the outcome of the decision taken, as well as willingness of the patient and the relatives to acknowledge those consequences. The nurses have a duty to assess the situation at hand and make decisions concerning the treatment that can be given to the patient. In this case, the patient who is an elderly woman and has a wound on her left limb undergoes many challenges which affect her life in many ways such as inability to move from one place to another (Royal College of Nursing, 2006, p.35). She cannot work for her daily bread since she is unable to move around. She also undergoes a lot of stress because she cannot interact with other people in the society (Jones, 2005). The first thing the nurse has to consider when examining the patient is the family background because this could give them a clue as to what may have caused the wound. Some of the problems are inherited genetically. In case the problem has ever affected one or more of the family members, the medical practitioner can get an avenue for making a conclusion regarding the patient’s condition. Also, patients’ background is likely to point out a situation in the patient’s life which may have contributed to the problem (Lewenson, and Truglio-Londrigan, 2008, p.143). These could include previous surgery wounds which may have resulted in complications for various reasons such as bone fracture during surgery or inflammations sustained during the operation process. The patient has been in this condition for a period of four weeks. Before the practitioners can make a decision regarding the patient’s condition, they should first get information from the patient because this will assist them in making the choice (Royal College of Nursing, 2006, p.26). According to the past records, this patient had similar problem t hree years before its recurrence, and the condition was cured by compression bandaging. The nurses can use this information to interpret the condition which may be affecting the patient. For example the venous ulcers could be treated though compression bandage unlike other types of ulcers such as those caused by depression of diabetes. The health care providers should also carry out physical assessment of the patient. They should examine the skin and the wound

Dissent from Puritanism Essay Example for Free

Dissent from Puritanism Essay During the early part of English colonization of the Americas the main group of people that were sent to the Americas was religious and political outcasts. This included Puritans, Quakers many other religions, debtors and political dissidents. The Puritans and Quakers came to the Americas in search of political freedom. The Puritans settled in the northeast region of the United States mainly in modern day Massachusetts. During their long nearly 4 month Journey across the Atlantic Ocean the boat goers grew close to each other because of the treacherous voyage. This caused theses people to group together and form towns with government based on their religion, Puritanism. Puritanism was one of the driving forces behind the formation of early successful northeastern towns and colonies in America. Many people who immigrated to the northeastern English colonies of the Americas had a strong dislike for Puritanism. Many believed the religion was too archaic in its beliefs and ways of life. Because of the animosity of non-puritans towards puritans and vice versa this caused the two peoples to form separate ettlements and very distinct cultures. Due to the differences in the cultures and the increase of immigration to New England the new settlers had to find new geographically suitable locations to start new settlements, therefore fully populating the entire New England colony. This gave New England a wide variety of culture, goods, natural resources and the capability to export large amounts of goods to the mother country for a profit. The non-puritans had settlements more based on economic ethics and systems that would financially help the settlement. Puritans had ettlements with more theocratic governments and more devotion to their religion. Although the governments of the two cultures were somewhat different they were also similar in many ways as well. Both governments were democratic. The puritans had a direct form of democracy where only white male land owners could vote. The problem with this is that once the colony started to fill it became harder and harder for young white men to find a piece of land suitable to settle on and start their families. With no land they had no say in their government as well. This drove many young Puritan Men to leave their theocratic settlements to seek other settlements where land owning was not necessary to have a say in government. This allowed puritans and non-puritans to culturally diffuse and further enrich the culture of New England. The non-puritan settlements had a representative or indirect form of democracy. These settlements followed a more English form of government. They also were mostly follows of the Anglican Church (the most common religion in England at the time). Because of the religious diversity in early New England and the abundance of natural resources (mostly large amounts of lumber) the colony was able to thrive. The religious acrimony between the puritans and non-puritans actually helped the English colony of New England reach its full economic potential by spreading out the population of the settlers. Many factors contributed to the formation of New England, but The objection of Puritanism and Puritanism itself was the paramount reason that New England did as well as it did and as early as it did. Dissent from Puritanism By halpin19

Fraud :: Free Essay Writer

Fraud Cut-off Fraud Fraud involves purposeful attempts to deceive, not good-faith disagreements on accounting treatments. One of the five basic methods companies used to boost up their profits is fraud in timing, which is also called cut-off fraud. This is done by recognizing profits early and liabilities and expenses late. â€Å"According to GAAP, revenue is recognized when the earnings process is complete and the rights of ownership have passed from seller to buyer.† There are three categories in revenue recognition fraud: 1) playing with time, 2) recording revenue when services are still due, 3) shipping merchandise before the sale is final. Playing with time is the most common way to commit revenue recognition fraud. It involves holding the books open past the end of the accounting period to accumulate more sales. For example, one such company actually set to stop there clock at the end of each quarter until targets sales are made. And all the sales would be counted as in the accounting period to boost up their sales. Another method for recognizing revenue early is booking the entire revenue amount when service is not completely rendered. Many companies ignore the percentage-of-completion contracts by taking the cash payments into income, fail to record offsetting accruals for services paid for in advance, and record refundable deposits as income. The last category is shipping merchandise before the sale is final. Consignment merchandi se is counted as being sold. A few companies also shipped merchandise to private warehouse for storage and counted it as being sold. If one person handle the same transaction from beginning to end, premature revenue recognition is easier to accomplish. The responsibilities of order entry, shipping, billing, accounts receivable detail and general ledge should be distributed among different employees. With several different employees handling the process, it’ll be more difficult to commit fraud.

AirAsia

Cold Storage mission statement is, â€Å"not only do we strive to provide the freshest food produce, the most extensive range of products and wines from all over the world, we also take great effort in making shopping at Cold Storage and Market Place stores exciting, fun and easy! † It promises customers a wide range of products and great shopping experience. Mission statement states the company's direction and goals, and what the company wants. It defines the product or service the company provides and what makes it unique. Most importantly, it lets employees now the purpose of the organization and guide them to achieve the company's objectives.By understanding company's mission statement, employees will know what is expected from them and helps them to be dedicated on their Jobs. Having employees who are committed to the company's mission will certainly have an impact on the service delivery. Process Layout and Service Blueprint Process layout is used at Cold Storage superma rket. The layout aims to improve efficiency by grouping work stations and equipment according to its function and varied processing requirements, and strategically positioned to create a continuous low when customer enters the supermarket. It is flexible and capable of handling a wide variety of products.Products are grouped and displayed according to categories. Causeway Point supermarket outlet has two separate areas in their layout. Entering the supermarket, customers will see the first area with stations displaying only fruits and vegetables. The layout somewhat guide customer to the next area where rows of shelves, freezers and chillers are positioned to display other products. The checkout counters are positioned in one row and located near the exit. The frontline of the supermarket are the checkout counters. Possible risk exists here because this is where customers have direct contact with the employees.A possible risk is the quality of service provided by the employee perfor ming the cashier duty may not meet company or/and customer expectations. Different employees have different behavior and skills and so the service delivery may vary too. There is also the risk of customers being frustrated when the queue is long and not moving as quickly as they want. Although the layout is well organized with spacious aisles for customers to move easily, the space between the checkout counter and the nearest helves is not big enough which result in congested queue during peak hours.However, preventive measures have been taken. Dedicated counters were setup strategically to prevent long queue formation. With a dedicated express counter for few items purchase and two other counters proportioning customers with small children and customers who are either elderly, pregnant or have disability. In addition, during peak hours additional employee is assigned at each counter to assist in packing the purchased items while the cashier focuses in entering/scanning the prices a nd handle cash or credit card transactions. This speed up the process while ensuring customers from feeling frustrated.Although there may be a possibility of long queue, with additional staffs and counters, the checkout will be fast and customers will appreciate the store's effort. Cold Storage has achieved efficiency of operation. The spacious layout allows easy mobility for customers in getting the products they want and the average queue turnaround time during peak hours are successfully reduced by its preventive measure at the checkout counters. The company also achieved quality service as per observation. The cashier exudes armor personality when communicating with customers.By providing temporary assistance to the cashier during peak period, it reduces the employee's stress level by providing a conducive environment for staff to achieve the service standard requirement. Quantitative and Qualitative Performance Measures One quantitative performance measure that is relevant for Cold Storage would be calculating its growth rate in sales. By calculating the sales growth rate profitability, it tells if they meet their sales level target. It is one way to gauge how well a company is doing as well as knowing its potential for future sales growth.Another quantitative performance measure is finding the percentage of sales obtained from new products. This performance measure will indicate whether customers engage in browsing the store and if they manage to attract customer to the new products in the store. If the percentage is found to be low, then the company can take appropriate measures to increase customer's engagement or implement ways to attract customers to buy the new products, for example, by offering special offer promotions and better display of signage, etc. One qualitative performance measure is by looking at the number of customer complaints.Monitoring the number of customer complaints will provide an indication on the service level, ability to ident ify the problems that lead to the complaints and to find a resolution. Customer's complaints and feedback are a good source of information that identifies problem and appropriate steps to solve or eliminate the issues. Another qualitative performance measure is computing the average output per employee. This measures each employee's productivity and thus, the company will be able to identify which employee has difficulty in his work or if he has behavioral issues.Then a resolution an be implemented through various methods such as rewards for the most productive employee, retraining employee who lacks the required skills and disciplining of employees if required. SERVICEABLE Serviceable are the physical factors of the store that can be controlled by the firm to enhance (or constraint) employees and customers' activities. It influences customers' perception of the quality of the service experience. Its supermarkets' entrances have big â€Å"Cold Storage† signage with the slogan â€Å"The fresh food people†. The store is well lighted with its white walls and floors.The store's layout is big and spacious and signed in such a way that it guides customers throughout the store with ease. Several large signage are displayed at all counters. The store is well ventilated and air-conditioned at a Just nice temperature. The signage at the entrance acts as a stimulus that communicates non-verbally to customers about the company and its expected outcome. Serviceable influences the perception and customers will distinguish companies by the way it is categorized. In this case, customers can identify that Cold Storage is the place for fresh food purchases. Serviceable can evoke emotional response.Environmental factors such as colors, lighting and dcord may have an influence on customer's mood. Places that cause pleasurable experience tend to make people spend more time and money while unpleasant environments are usually avoided. Cold Storage serviceable evokes a welcoming feeling with its white color, good lighting and spacious layout. Serviceable can also evoke physiological responses. Low lighting might decrease ability to see products and may cause the eyes to strain. â€Å"Inhospitable† temperature and a crowded layout will cause discomfort or/and stress to customers which may lead to them to hasten their hopping experience.Whereas a well-designed spacious layout with the right temperature and lighting will make customers feel more comfortable. Cold Storage well designed serviceable makes customers feel comfortable and encourages engagement in more browsing which may lead to more purchases. Serviceable may influence social interaction between the customers and employees too. Customer's response to the serviceable can influence the quality of interaction. The physical set up of Cold Storage check-out counter facilitate positive employee-customer interaction as it encourages customers to approach its employees if they assistance.St orage can redesign their website and app so customers can suggest particular products they would like the store to carry. Using such information, the company will know its customers' wants and needs by evaluating the suggested products for quality and salability before stocking them. Another recommendation would be providing kid-friendly carts that are video-equipped to entertain the children while parents can shop at ease. This aligns to the company's mission in making shopping at Cold Storage exciting, fun and easy. However, both recommendations require some investment from the company. (1455 words)

Research and Statistics

HYPOTHESIS A hypothesis is a formal tentative statement of the expected relationship between two or more variables under study. Definition: A hypothesis is an assumption statement about the relationship between two or more variables that suggest an answer to the research question. OR Good & Hatt define hypothesis as shrewd guess or inference that is formulated and provisionally adopted to explain observed facts or conditions and to guide in further investigation. Importance: ? Hypothesis enables the researcher to objectively investigate new areas of discovery. Hypothesis provides objectivity to the research activity. ? It also provides direction to conduct research such as defining the sources and relevance of data. ? Hypothesis provides clear and specific goals to the researchers. ? Hypothesis provide link between theories and actual practical research. ? It provides a bridge between theory and reality. ? A hypothesis suggests which type of research is likely to be most appropriate. ? As it is tentative statement of anticipated results. ? It stimulating the thinking process of researcher as the researcher forms the hypothesis by anticipating outcome. It also determines the most appropriate research designs and techniques of data analysis. ? Hypothesis provides understanding to the researchers about what to except from the results of the research study. ? It serves as a framework for drawing conclusions of a research study. ? Without hypothesis, research would be like aimless wandering. Characteristics of a good hypothesis: The main characteristics of a good hypothesis as follows: ? Conceptual clarity: Hypothesis should consist of clearly defined and understandable concepts. Hypothesis can be stated in declarative statement, in present tense. Empirical referents: A good hypothesis must have empirical basis from the area of enquiry. ? Objectivity: Hypothesis must be objective, which facilitate objectivity in data collection. ? Specificity: It should be specific, not general, and should explain the expected relation between variables. ? Relevant: The hypothesis should be relevant to the problem being studied as well as the objectives of the study. ? Testability: Hypothesis should be testable and should not be a moral judgement. ? Consistency: A hypothesis should be consistent with an existing body of theories, research findings, and other hypothesis. Simplicity: A hypothesis should be formulated in simple and understandable terms. ? Availability of techniques: The researcher must make sure that methods are available for testing their proposed hypothesis. ? Purposiveness: The researcher must formulate only purposeful hypothesis. ? Verifiability: A good hypothesis can be actually verified in practical terms. ? Profundity of effect: A good research should have profound effect upon a variety of research variables. ? Economical: The expenditure of money and the time can be controlled if the hypothesis underlying the research undertaken is good. Sources of hypothesisHypothesis in research study cannot developed merely with wild guesses or assumptions , but they are generated from variety if sources such as theoretical or conceptual Frameworks, previous research findings,real life experiences and academic literature. ? Theoretical or conceptual frameworks: the most important sources of hypothesis are theoretical or conceptual framework developed for the study. Through a deductive approach these hypothesis are drawn from theoretical and conceptual framework for testing them. ? Previous research: findings of the previous research studies may be used for framing the hypothesis for another study. real life experiences: real life experiences also contribute in the formulation of hypothesis for research studies. ? Academic literature : it is based on formal theories, empirical evidences, experiences, observation and conceptualization of academicians. TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS Simple an complex hypothesis: Simple: It is a statement which reflects the relationship between two variables Complex: It is a statement which reflects the relationship between more than two variables. Associative and causal hypothesis: Associative: It reflects the relationship between variables that occur or exists in natural settings without manipulation.Causal: it predicts the cause and effect relationship between two or more dependent and independent variables in experimental or interventional. Directional and non directional hypothesis: Directional hypothesis: It specifies not only the existence, but also the expected direction of the relationship between variables. Non directional hypothesis: It reflects the relationship between two or more variables, but it does not specify the anticipated direction and nature of relationship such as positive or negative.Null and research hypothesis: Null hypothesis (H0):It is also known as statistical hypothesis and is used for statistical testing and interpretations of statistical outcome. Research h ypothesis(H1): It states the existence of relationship between two or more variables. Conclusion: The formulation of hypothesis plays an important part in the growth of knowledge in every science. Hypothesis converts the question posed by the research problem into a declarative statement that predicts an expected outcome. Bibliography: [pic]

Russian WWII Offensive Of 1941 Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

Russian WWII Offensive Of 1941 Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers Russian WWII Offensive of 1941 It was devastatingly cold in the Russian winter of 1941, during the peak of the German offensive against Moscow. Just as it had Napoleon's armies in the century before, the Russian winter conditions had stopped the advance on Moscow. Hitler had not planned on a winter war, and thus had not properly equipped his troop frostbite, and thousands of them died of exposure. Indeed, it was this biting winter which had provided the Russians with an opportunity to gather themselves, and prepare for one of the most heroic counter-offensives of World War II - known to the Russian people as "The Great Patriotic War." It would be wrong to attribute the German failure at this time solely to the harsh winter; the main failure was that of misjudgment and mistiming. The offensive had been launched too late in the year, at a season where the weather was due to break up. The Germans had underestimated the effects of the harsh weather and terrain on their motorized units, and had poorly rationed their resources - too much had been asked of the German troops, and strengths had been allowed to drop too low. Despite a few more victories by German forces in November and December, they would never again subeztially advance into the areas surrounding Moscow. On October 28th, the German 3 Panzer group, under the command of Field-Marshal Von Kluge, had again tried to penetrate into the northern area of Kalinin, and failed. Hitler called in 9 Army to join the 3 Panzer, and moved them towards the northeast area above Moscow. Russian resiezce had been uneven, but in the front of Tula and on the Nara, where new formations were arriving, it had been the most determined and tough. The Red Army had fallen back to within forty miles of Moscow, but was sustained by massive Muscovite power, a continuing flow of troops to the front line. During the months of October and November, nine new Russian armies had been trained, and were being deployed throughout the fronts. Two complete armies and parts of another three were to reach the Moscow area towards the end of November. Many of the divisions in these armies were raised from newly inducted recruits, but some were well trained and equipped and had been withdrawn from the military districts in Central Russia, and Siberia. In October and early November, a few German battalions still fighting had brought all Red Army motor vehicles (except tanks) to a stop, and the Russian Quarter-master-General Khrulev, was forced to switch his troops to horses and carts. He was criticized by both his own troops and Stalin, but was granted permission to form 76 horse transport battalions. The problems caused by the transport shortage and weather were recognized by the Soviet High Command, and fuel refills were sent to the front lines. Defenses were restored and thickened up, and Moscow awaited the second stage of the German offensive, which is described in detail in the German Offensive section of this report. By November however, German casualties had reached 145,000 troops. The German position in the South, between Tula and Voronezh was both confusing and disquieting, as on October 26, German 2 Panzer leader Guderian had suddenly been attacked by the renewed Russian forces on the east flank, and was fighting to hold his ground. The 2 Panzer had been meant to surround Moscow, but was so weak in armor, and with the addition of several infantry corps, its mobile strength was greatly decreased. As the German drive against Moscow slackened, the Soviet commander on the Moscow front, General Georgy Koneztinovich Zhukov, on December 6 inaugurated the first great counteroffensive with strokes against Bock's right in the Elets (Yelets) and Tula sectors south of Moscow and against his center in the Klin and Kalinin sectors to the northwest. Levies of Siberian troops, who were extremely effective fighters in cold weather, were used for these offensives. There followed a blow at the German left, in the Velikie Luki sector; and the counteroffensive, which was sustained throughout the winter of 1941-42, soon took the form of a triple convergence toward Smolensk. Before the end of the year

Leach and Leech - Commonly Confused Words

Leach and Leech - Commonly Confused Words The words leach and leech are homophones: they sound alike but have different meanings. Definitions The verb leach means to empty, drain, or remove. The noun leech refers to a bloodsucking worm or to a person who preys on or clings to another. As a verb, leech means to bleed with leeches or to act as a parasite. Examples Batteries are difficult to dispose of and contain harmful heavy-metal compounds that may leach into the soil.The river water was more corrosive than the Detroit systems and caused more lead to  leach  from its aging pipes. Lead can be toxic, and children are especially vulnerable.(Reuters, Michigan Attorney General Sues Frances Veolia in Flint Water Crisis. The New York Times, June 22, 2016)Similar to bloodletting, leeches were used to draw out the bad blood that medieval physicians believed caused many of their patients ailments.The sun rose in a cloudless sky, the same as before. We passed a large island without grass or tree or bush.  The sun  was a leech  that sucked the moisture from our flesh.(Scott ODell, The Kings Fifth. Houghton Mifflin, 1966)She  called him a leech, said hes always sponging off the rest of us.(Swati Kaushal, A Girl Like Me. Penguin, 2008) Idiom Alerts The expression leach away (something) or leach (something) away means to gradually erode or wash away.- Normally the excess salt would be  leached away  as rainwater percolates down through the soil. In dry climates, however, where there isnt enough rain or irrigation to drive the water down that far, salts can accumulate in the root zone.(Ann Larkin Hansen,  The Organic Farming Manual. Storey, 2010)- Nathan? Are you awake? The sweetness quickly  leached away  at the touch of Roiphes nasal voice, leaving a sourness tinged with anxiety, which, Nathan understood, was his default reaction to Roiphe.(David Cronenberg, Consumed. Scribner, 2014) Practice: Leaches or Leeches? (a) Its not pollution that makes the water so black; tannic acid naturally _____ into the river from cypress and pine trees growing along the shoreline. (Bruce Hunt)(b) In modern medicine, _____ are used in reconstructive surgery to provide a vacuum effect that helps stimulate blood circulation. Answers to Practice Exercises (a) Its not pollution that makes the water so black; tannic acid naturally leaches into the river from cypress and pine trees growing along the shoreline.(Bruce Hunt)(b) In modern medicine, leeches are used in reconstructive surgery to provide a vacuum effect that helps stimulate blood circulation.

Why Did the Labour Party Win Power in 1945 and Lose It in 1951 Essay

Why Did the Labour Party Win Power in 1945 and Lose It in 1951 - Essay Example The Labour Party was formed by the agreement of several labour unions to come together to form a political party. Back then, trade unions were powerful organizations and had the solid following of their members in order to push for their interests in one common and solid voice. The Labour Party has had its shares of success and failures since it was first established. The last prime minister representing the Labour Party was Gordon Brown, who took over from Tony Blair, also from the Labour Party in 2007 (Lynch 25-65, 2008). However, one of the most successful victories for the Labour Party in the history of UK elections was in 1945, when the party won its biggest majority, led by Clement Attlee, who was deputy prime minister under the coalition government headed by Winston Churchill. Winston Churchill was the conservative party head, and Prime Minister of Britain, and he was the one who led Britain to victory in the second world war that ended in 1942. Under these circumstances, it w as expected that he would win another term as prime minister in the 1945 elections. However, this was not the case as was dictated by many factors. First, there was the intergenerational difference between the masses and the leaders in power. While the former was made of younger people, many of whom had served in the war, the latter was made up of a minority few of the older generation (Butler and Stokes 1-35, 1974). The older generation was outnumbered due to deaths, emigrations to other countries and resignations. In these circumstances, the masses felt that they were not well represented. The conservative party had a majority of this older generation, while the Labour Party’s leadership was made up of fairly younger people, whom the masses could identify with. This increased the Labour Party’s popularity leading to their landslide victory in 1945. Issues of class also had a hand in aiding the Labour Party win the 1945 elections. The post-second world war environment in Britain was such that majority of the people were trying to rebuild their lives by working in different places to make ends meet. Many of these people were labourers and had to work long hours in order to earn their living. The general feeling was that the then current government was not doing enough to expedite changes that could improve their lives (Heath, Jowell, and Curtice 12-58, 1985). Within this atmosphere, the Labour Party came up with a manifesto that promised to do all these and more for the people. Their campaigns were effective and the people decided to give them a chance, hence a majority voted for the Labour Party. Attlee is considered one of the Labour Party’s most significant figures, because he managed to steer England from more problems during the Second World War by stopping Churchill from carrying out some schemes considered wild and dangerous, both to the United Kingdom and its allies, as well as to its enemies. Attlee was prime minister of UK for 6 years, until 1951, when he lost in the general elections of 1951. However, in his time in office, Attlee affected a lot of changes in the social and economical environment in the UK. For instance, he nationalized many industries that had been privatized, making them out of reach for many regular citizens. These included the steel, electricity, gas, coal, wireless and cable services, aviation, and road and railway industries. Attlee was also the one responsible for nationalizing the Bank of England which still stands to date. Attlee introduced a national health scheme by the passing of the National

Modern Art Movement in Russia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Modern Art Movement in Russia - Essay Example The essay "Modern Art Movement in Russia" investigates Russian modern art movement. Modernism thus, broadly defined all the significant social changes pertaining to arts, culture, literary writings, architecture, and religious beliefs that rebelled against the theory of realism and all other conservative traditions, which took place at the turn of the nineteenth century. The proponents of this theory felt that all traditional forms of art, architecture, religious and social norms were losing relevance in the modern industrial age, and thus must be changed. Modernism to some extent rejected the philosophy of Enlightenment, and completely denied the existence of the powerful creator, God. It questioned all the theories of the past era, and believed in the theory of self consciousness. It is this belief that led to various experiments in the field of art and led to the formation of what is known as ‘abstract art’. In Russia, this wave of modernism in the world of art, is al so known as avant-garde, and it broke away from all traditional and old forms, creating a new style that was more connected to the daily lives of the common people, encouraging works on folk art and icon painting. Till the 1910s, the Russian avant-garde movement focussed itself primarily on village life, religion, urban life; but later on as social movement became more oriented towards bringing about reforms for the industrial workers, the Russian avant-garde artists moved towards the factory settings and the frantic pace of the urban lives.